Justin, you said “How do they measure the snow depth? Laser beams from space?”.
Basically yes, similar to GPS technology. They use satellites and computer models to estimate snow levels, etc. So As I said before take this data with a grain of salt.
Back to your planned trip, this page from PCT.org is a good compilation of folks doing the PCT and can give an idea where they are now. You will need to scroll down as many reports as you can to get a better overall picture but a quick overview tells me that actually not that many people have made it thru Glen pass yet, or at least those that have made it are not too active in social media or blogging their trip.
In your initial post, you mentioned you wanted to get some experience with early spring / snow travel. To be honest I’m not sure Rae Lakes Loop in current conditions is it. It will take you a couple of days to get to the good stuff, and then it will be time to head back (assuming you have 4 days and Glenn proves too challenging to cross over for someone without much experience with snow travel). Unless you find a beaten path along the JMT, expect to make much slower progress on that section, so 4 days may not be enough if you are hoping to complete the loop.
In this report of trail conditions from SEKI, “…Visitor reported making it to the Woods Creek Junction on the JMT. Hiked in snow from Upper Paradise Valley on. Visitor did not have snowshoes or any other special winter gear and was able to hike with relative ease. Turned around at Woods Creek Junction because conditions intensified, with deep snow (3+ feet), and colder temperatures (freezing or below). “. Yes, this is from a couple of weeks ago (5/13) but as you probably know if you have been following the weather in that area there has been some storms passing thru.
As others have mentioned, there are other options around Yosemite Hwy 120 that will put you right into the snow / early spring conditions from the beginning.
My 2 cents. have fun out there.