The interesting thing about filters is that they tend to get more efficient over time. Efficient in that their ability to filter our material improves (though the flowrate decreases). Given the examples of the diatoms, these are huge compared to the filter size. The junk will form a large labyrinth that small particles can flow around. Think of it this way, picture the filter as having a 1” diameter and you are filtering out water than contains bowling balls and let’s assume that the bowling ball is 10 inches in diameter (or 1 order of magnitude). As the bowling balls pile up, there is still plenty of space for the water to flow around. Now picture a stack of bowling balls 50 feet deep. The particles can still pass though but the flow rate will be reduced.
Absolute particle size ratings are based upon hard objects that get through the filter media. There is no way to evaluate particles that have a gel or are compliant. This is one of the reasons to take something like the MSR Sweetwater system. It is a ceramic filter that you abrade away the outer coating that is clogged to reveal a fresh new layer of filter. That and it is field serviceable. My 2 cents.