I've been flyfishing since I was a little boy. Used to sit in a tackle shop and tie flies for tourists. At one point I looked around and realized I was standing in the middle of a stream with a hand vise, impovising someI drew out of a trout's belly with a mini-stomache pump- and realized I'd gone too far. That was many years ago. Nowadays I go to the stream with only a clipper and few flies: a variety of sizes in dark and light.
Usually only one or two patterns. There's one fly I will never be without, and many times it's the only pattern I take. AFAIC I will really only ever need two flies, a dark one and a light one. I will say if you're not sure what size, take a smal, smaller, and tiny.
Back in about '72, when I was 10, my father taught me how to make a fly designed by a buddy of his, Dale LaFollette. They used to fish the Deschutes together near Maupin.
These days that fly is called a "floatin' fool" or "float-n-fool" depending on where you find it. I can't remember the precise proper color scheme, but it doesn't matter.
I tie a tail and post of either natural or lime glow calves-tail. Peacock hurl body and maybe a gold wire ribbing, or no ribbing at all- again it just doesn't matter. Tie a hackle onto the post helicopter-style.
I think the original may have been a dark red or brown hackle, maybe mixed with grizzly. But I just make sure I have one dark and one light. If I can only have one fly, for any stream, brook, or high lake, it'll be a #16 floatin' fool with natural calf-tail and 2 brown/1 grizzly hackles.
The thing about a helicopter-style fly is the body is suspended int he surface film, and the fish thinks it's a trapped insect. They know they don't have to sneak up on it, it can't fly away because it's trapped. The brightly colored calf-hair post sticking up above the hackle is like a light-bulb for the caster. Stands out well against most water.
If I was going to take 3 different patterns, I'd have a floatin' fool, a royal coachman, and a caddis. I'd be prepared to trim a fly down to fish it as a nymph if need be. Usually nothin bigger than #14, more often a #16.
Fishing streams, the 4th and 5th flies I'd be sure to have are an olive sculpin pattern, and a muddler minnow. Usually no bigger than #14.
IMHO, Once you learn howe to cast, you can do very well with a cheap rod. But elarning to cast can be difficult and a nice rod is not only aesthetically pleasant, it will make it easier to learn. I do believe once you get to the $150-$175 level or so, the only real differences above that are almost entirely aesthetic.
My favorite rod I've ever had was a 4-wt 1-pc 6.5' Fenwick with a little cork handle and 2 rings to hold a reel. I put a cheap orvis on there and mostly fished singking tip lines in streams, I caught hundreds of huge trout on that rode.
Folks I could go on and on, I don't want to bore you. I'm grateful to have found this forum and all of you, and anything I can do to help just say the word.