This series is part tutorial, part survey, and part opinion piece. I have allowed my opinions to come through a bit more strongly than normal here. You have been warned! In Part 1 I start by defining the essentials of a tunnel tent and show how easy it is to pitch one in bad weather. In Part 2 I explore in more detail some features of a tunnel tent and list them for a number of tunnel tents from around the world. Part 3 consists of mini-reviews for each tent listed.
The world tent scene is a fascinating one. In Europe and other countries around the world where bad weather can be relied upon, the tunnel tent design is an accepted standard for quality. But try to find tunnel tents in America and you will be surprised at the almost complete dearth of serious models. Why is this so? We believe there are good reasons for it and will explain them here.
Among those who know and use tunnel tents, it is accepted that they are some of the most robust lightweight designs available. They can be challenged for robustness by the geodesic dome design, but you will find that the latter are usually a few kilograms - or worse - heavier than the tunnels. Typically, a good tunnel tent is designed for two people: any smaller becomes very inefficient, any larger and it is not as robust. We explain why shortly. A few samples are shown above - not the full range tested in this survey. There are robust geodesic domes capable of holding four, five, or even six people, thus reducing the weight per person, but they take up a lot of ground space and are usually reserved for high-altitude expeditions where porters carry them. They aren't light. For instance, the Mountain Hardwear Satellite 6 (a six-man tent) weighs 14.45 kg (~32 lb). That's 2.4 kg (5.3 lb) per person! Curiously, it is still technically a 'pop-up,' as the inner tent is clipped to the poles and the fly thrown over. I guess if you have six people sleeping in the tent, you can have six people helping to pitch it.
ARTICLE OUTLINE
Preamble
Introduction
Comparisons with Pop-up and Wedge tents
What is a Tunnel Tent?
Wind Speed Above Ground
Tunnel Tent Technical
Pole Position
Pole Sleeves
Elbows
Entry and Vestibules
The Reason for the End Bell
More about Pole Restraints
Pitching a Tunnel Tent
Staking
Tension
Striking the Tent
Wind at the Rear
Wind from the Side
Part 2
# WORDS: 8080
# PHOTOS: 34
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Research Scientist. Been walking all my life, mainly off-track - we don't have 'trails' here, and I always go with my wife. Summer and winter, lowland and highland, Australia and Europe. Forced into UL gear by heavy packs and increasing age. :-)
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Home›Forums› Tunnel Tents Tutorial and State of the Market Report – Part 1: Definition and Pitching
"I had one of those blue and white Flashlights. Used it till it disintegrated. Still being made. Amazing since it came out in 83?"
Yeah, but the newer ones are heavier :(
Running the poles through the sleeves makes the old one more stable and less flapping in the wind. The lack of a vestibule is a bummer… but that probably makes it lighter. Plus new newer one has a lot of buckles and other nonsense. But I have always been partial to Sierra Design tents. Pretty good products at a reasonable price.
And here is my first tent… not a tunnel, not light (5.5 lbs), not good in snow, single wall & condensation, and not that good in wind. But hey, not a lot available almost 50 years ago.
> Is it just me (and my wife) that don't like to sleep with our heads at the door?
I tend to agree with this, but there are conflicting features here.
Many tunnels are (rightly or wrongly) tapered to the windward end. Why they do this is not always clear, but it does save a little bit (not much) in weight, and might (in theory) streamline the tent against a tail wind a bit. Sometimes I think it is a lack of understanding by the designer; sometimes I think it might be a marketing 'feature'.
I make my tents fairly symmetrical in profile. The extra bit of silnylon really does not weigh much. An extra little bit of CF tubing does not weigh much either. The increased internal space is wonderful. The lack of a taper does not make the tent more susceptible to the wind in my experience.
Miguel well said. In the UK we find the wind the main issue camping as it's exposed a lot. Trailstar now has a cult following. Everyone it seems wants one.
Roger a superb article and thank you for writing it. Tunnel tents are superb. I have a Vango one. Cheap, superb and good in the wind. External guy points and internal tension band gives rigidity to the poles and it works great. Space is good for two. Just hardly use it. Solo its a bit overkill.
I had to smile at the Arctic exploration tent photo you shared. When I read about trips across ice caps, or attempts to get to the South pole. I normally see three pole tunnel tents are the tent of choice. Tells you all you need to know about how good they are.
Look forward to more. Nice to see you back sharing here.
For the sake of tourism to Australia, I would say most of the continent usually experiences reasonable – good and often predictable weather (think deserts, most valleys, most places near the coast). Unless I am in a handful of locations (Snowy mountains, most of Tasmania, exposed ridges etc) I always opt for a tarp. While in nastier however, tunnels are amazing and I'm eagerly awaiting the pick of the crop in the next installment.
Also, it seems like freestanding tents get a bit of bad mention in this article. I am a massive fan of freestanding tents (if I can afford the weight) and as long as they are properly designed (proper attachment to the ground), are at least as stable as tunnel tents (I'm in the process of building a freestanding tunnel). They have the big advantage of allowing a quick location change in unfavourable conditions (often in basecamp and or civilization: noise lights etc).
I had one of those SMD Flashlights (the same as shown in the earliest photos above) from the mid-1980's and a later Clip Flashlight (because I gave the old one to my daughter) from the mid-1990's. Both were condensation traps because of the outward-sloping screen door, which meant the fly had to be zipped up tight even in the merest drizzle. (I note that the door of the most recent version shown above is nearly vertical, most definitely an improvement.) Especially in the clip version, I had puddles of condensation on the floor and my sleeping bag in the mornings. That's why I now insist on a single-wall tent with lots of ventilation–at least I can reach the condensation to wipe it off! It was good in strong winds, though, especially the one with the sleeves. The Clip version is easier to set up but not as strong, IMHO. I'm not sure why it had more condensation than the old one, since the door situation was the same in both.
Speaking of weather, I just saw this post on the PCT-L from subtropical (?) southern California (Mt. Laguna): "at 5pm [Pacific Daylight time], 30F, 40mph wind and quite a bit of snow…" [-1 C, 65 kph, "quite a bit" doesn't translate to metric :-) ] I pity the PCT hikers out there right now!
While my Gossamer Gear/Tarptent Squall Classic is not quite a hoop tent, the back end is a hoop, the front is V-shaped (and uses my trekking pole, so nice and strong), it has side guylines, is nicely streamlined and has a low profile. I've found that it does very well in strong winds. It's of course more vulnerable to side winds than a tent with more than one hoop, but it has done extremely well for me so far. It's a great design by Henry Shires (I have the 2009 version) and I'm sorry that GG discontinued it!
I'll wait patiently for Addie to do her thing with Part 2, and I look forward to more comments from Roger. It's amazing how much interest this article is getting! Hopefully it will inspire more of us to think outside the box, or rather, outside the pyramid and dome!
Roger,
One niggle about the single wall tunnels. I always used to get a fair amount of condensation along the walls, a little bit up from the floor. This was with awnings over the ends, but otherwise open, except for the netting.
That's what drove me to other designs with the entry located on the longer side of the tent. Perfection would have been if Henry had figured out a way to to have netting walls at both the front and back of the Moment, like the Scarp, but without the four corners. There can still be some condensation overhead with this approach, but on both sides of you, from head to foot, there is the netting, which for me, makes the inevitable condensation on a single wall much more tolerable.
Although there have been some attempts, the tunnels don't seem to lend themselves to netting along the length of the tent, on both sides. Unless the center of the tunnel is much larger than the ends, as in the tents mentioned above, which kind of grates against your concern about the pole length. The beefier carbon poles, like the Easton FX, can arc 7-8 feet, though, with a pole 10-11.5 feet long. Not sure that this longer pole length is that big a deal when it is only one pole to be threaded through one sleeve, and guyed if needed.
We see pole sleeves less and less now in the US, and more and more clips. They seem to think we are too lazy or stupid to thread sleeves, so must have the clips, despite the downsides. And not just for 'folk festival' tents. Ditto on the 'freestanding' domes. The smaller companies, not so wedded to these developments, or MYOG, seem to provide the only alternatives.
> the tunnels don't seem to lend themselves to netting along the length of the tent, on both sides.
Well, having netting along both sides of a single-skin tent is actually quite easy.
This shows one of my summer tents with dark netting along both sides. Good ventilation from those gaps, but no insects. And the middle of the tent is not much higher than then ends. Yes, there is at least a 50 mm gap between the top of the bathtub and the fly.
Yes, we can get some condensation, but I have been pleasantly surprised at times by how little we get. The high ventilation outlets and the low inlet ventilation is at least partly responsible for this – combined with the heat output from two bodies driving the convection flow.
> We see pole sleeves less and less now in the US, and more and more clips. They seem to
> think we are too lazy or stupid to thread sleeves, so must have the clips, despite the downsides.
For which you can blame either the marketing departments, or their possibly correct assessment of the vast newbie market. Consumer appeal outranks functionality every day.
Nice article Roger. I've been interested in tunnel tents for a while, but like it's been said, not much info on them here in the states. Look forward to Part 2.
Regarding weather – Here in the Southeast US where I live our weather is typically very mild (thankfully). Can get a little dicey in the Spring sometimes. We actually get hundreds of tornadoes in the South every year which a lot of people don't realize. Below is a pic of an EF-4 tornado that went through the Smoky Mountains and into the Citico Wilderness last year. Part of a nasty storm that spawned nearly 400 tornadoes in April 2011.
FYI – Vaude have taken a unique approach to clips, which mitigates some of their inherent problems, but at the cost of weight and unnecessary complexity:
As far as I know, all of their "power" line of tents have a similar system which locks the clips in place on the poles and is quite rigid. I had one of them, but returned it, because the weight was unjustifiable, IMHO:
Agreed: sleeves are tried & true when done properly.
Yeah, I looked at the Vaude tents. They still have the top of the door overhanging the groundsheet, which has GOT to be the sign of incompetence in design. I mean, for that amount of money, you get snow and rain inside the bathtub?
And the clips still can rip out of the seams: the stress is too localised. Their excuse for using clips is just that: an excuse for putting cheapness over performance.
Really liked this article, Roger. Your writing style is infectious. I will toss my few cents in. I have been the proud owner of a first-gen TNF Westwind and it is still proudly serving me in harsh winters (except for this one!) in the Wasatch. One thing drives me nuts on most of the older tunnel designs, including the original Westwind: non-continuous sleeves. Nothing is worse than fiddling with 12 (!) different sleeves with a 50 MPH driving blizzard . The designs seem to have changed so that's a good thing.
On the weather thing, I am in Salt Lake and when March rolls around, it means it's canyon time. I just got back from five days in Grand Gulch and saw everything from 80 degree days to 25 degree nights, rain, snow and swirling 80 MPH dust-devils. To be clear, this is normal for the Southwest in shoulder (read: available water sources) season. Most people aren't wandering around the Maze in August because of availability of water, so I'll call the 'shoulder season' the 'real season' in the south west. I have really seen it all, including surprise 10-inch blizzards (and a small but definite earthquake this last week!), but really, we can count on wind and plenty of it. Mix a two-day 70mph gale with sand and you get the idea. I am just pointing out that weather means many things to many people and no, we aren't sitting around in bikinis sipping mai tais in the sun out here in the west. Well, not all the time at least.
Summer rolls around and we're talking about the Wasatch, Sawtooths, Wind Rivers, Uintas, San Juans, etc. Daily thunderous downpours, ever-present threat of snow and massive winds. So weather is a problem no matter what.
I have been using a Lightheart Gear Solo for the last year from March until November and it has been perfect other than some blowing sand/snow inside the tent, which I don't care about. I will not use it in winter and would never use the Westwind in the summer. Hard to argue that one is better than the other, however. They both serve a purpose.
Your tent is very similar in shape to Larry Penberthy's MSR tent from the mid 70s.
He tested it by mounting it to a frame on top of a vehicle and driving it down I-5 in Seattle. Great advertising.
That tent was heavy, however. It think it weighed about 9 lbs. Had a fly with an inner tent. The gap between the inner tent and fly (about 1") was maintained by small pieces of closed cell foam that were attached to the inner tent every few inches.
Hey Roger,
Here is a larger tent for you to check out: http://www.alaskatent.com/oven/aopipeline.html#
Not for backpacking but for base camp it is getting quite a bit of use up in Alaska. In places like Kodiak and Western Alaska that gets 70+mph winds and terrible amount of rain it has held up well. (Alaska is part of the United States I think we can compare our weather)
I am going to start building copies of Rodgers tunnel tent. Could all potential customers please provide feedback, as to what you would like to see in the finished product. Price points, colors, other features, etc. I dont know anything about tunnel tents, but it should be pretty easy, Rodger has already done most of the work.
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Home › Forums › Tunnel Tents Tutorial and State of the Market Report – Part 1: Definition and Pitching