https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-gear/tools/personal-safety-device-backcountry-effectiveness/
I’ve wondered about this and saw this story
They evaluated this device https://www.rei.com/product/169718/nathan-saferrun-ripcord-siren-personal-alarm?
You pull this pin and it emits a loud noise
“We know that things like air horns, whistles, and even clapping our hands really loud can distract an animal enough to make it leave. So [a personal safety alarm] is another tool, but it’s not the end-all, be-all,”
“When is the best time to use the siren on an animal? “If something is being curious or following you, and they’re really focusing on you, I think that would be the best situation because it can break that focus,” ”
“Welfelt said she wouldn’t count on an alarm in an accidental animal encounter but that it could work as backup. “Bear spray would be much more effective.” As a physical deterrent, bear spray is a more proven defense when handling a bear encounter—if you’ve practiced using it and have it stashed where it’s easily accessible.”


