“Stephen Herrero’s book notes the state of Alaska attempts to collect information and record every single bear attack that occurs in the state and has been doing so for decades or scores of years. The single most effective way to survive a bear attack based on this record is pepper spray. I’ve thrown a few 9mm rounds down the range as well but not thousands! Still enough to know that stopping a grizz charging at @ 35 mph with a pistol is the definition of chancy.
Maybe an Ithaca mag 10 with 2 rounds of 00 and a slug and still think you’d have better odds with pepper spray. Not exactly light weight gear either.
Seems like the difference is that use of a firearm is picking a fight that you might lose even if you manage to kill the bear. Pepper spray otoh just changes the bear’s mind about the necessity of messing with you. The skunk defense.”
The conflation of his studies of bear spray use on bear encounters and the data on bear attacks and guns was done by “journalists”.
Bear spray won’t work in wind, or in a tent, multiple times if being repeatably threatened, isn’t great to leave in a hot car truck and goes bad with age.
Guns aren’t always legal in some areas, require a responsible person, cost more upfront, and don’t save the planet like bear spray.
If you can stomach reading a study at a website called Ammoland it lists 93 cases of bear attacks and defense using handguns many of which did not make Herrero’s studies. Of those there were only 3 failures. It included 5 instances of defense agains black bear using 22 rimfire and one failure against, not surprisingly , a polar bear. More common calibers like 9mm have worked.
Neither spray nor a gun is a panacea, but if faced with giant cows in the trail I would want both.