I've punctured my seat twice; both times by gravel which got between the seat and floor. Fixed both with aquaseal back home.
I slashed a side tube just above the floor on a very sharp limestone ledge in a river. The cut was ~3" long but only made it all the way through the tube material occasionally. I was near the end of the run so I just packed up and walked out. I fixed this at home with a piece of Patch and Go applied to the outside. Two years later this is holding up great.
I developed a slow leak at the rear elbow (mouth) valve on a trip last year. Too much yarding on this rigid piece of plastic while inflating caused it to delam slightly from the tube material. This was probably exacerbated by temps at camp well below freezing the night before, rising rapidly once I got into the sun. I fixed this in the field with a bit of UV-cure aquaseal, which got me down the rest of the river. I enhanced that at home with a bead of regular aquaseal. Has held up to this day.
Other than this I've applied some preventative aquaseal to various wear points on the floor, and put on an occasional spray of McNett UV protectant.
My field repair kit is a small tube of UV-cure aquaseal, 2 feet of Patch and Go, and maybe 8 feet of duct tape. I have denatured alcohol available elsewhere (fire starting kit) for prepping any necessary repairs. The UV aquaseal cures brittle, and isn't a permanent repair, but in full sun cures to useable in 30 minutes. I figure it will get me out to civilization.