"That is not a chance I would want to take, given the potential consequences, particularly when it is so easy to carry a filter or other treatment device/chemical. The thing that bothers me here is the imprecision of the concept."
Nor I.
The filter with cloth method is one that is recommended to the poorest of poor.
Even then they are taught to use a 3 day, 3 pot settling system and additionally if possible use SODIS UV disinfection. (A 2 liter pop bottle in the bright sun for 4 or so
hours). This has been proven effective in stopping cholera.
If one is worried about worm eggs and is inclined to use UV or chemical treatment to save
weight over a filter, it would seem to me a light pre-filter would catch those eggs.
A light pre- filter could be a piece of cloth, if one does the research to find the
appropriate material. Additionally flocculants could serve the same purpose.

