Bear Vaults are allowed, but highly discouraged. Most people will say they are not allowed, but this just ain't so. The law only requires a hard bear container, it does NOT say which type. From the last report, Avalanch Pass, Marcy Dam, down to the Beaver lean-to was where the notorious Yellow-Yellow hangs out. To date, she is the only bear in the country that knows how to regularly open the Bear Vaults, successfully. The screw WILL defeat her. (I talked to two rangers up there, both said it was fine.) Anyway, they are reluctant to outlaw something that was on shakey ground to begin with. Soo, they don't complain too loud. Nobody wanted the canister rule up there. They insisted and had it put in place. They would get slammed badly if they outlawed something that meets their law, AND, for only one bear, AND, favours one company over another. It is, politically, not the "correct" thing to do.
The BV's are OK with the addition of a hot screw, threaded and/or melted into the other side of the catch. This sort'a does away with the toolless opening of a bear vault. But other than paying a couple hundred dollars more, this is the lightest option. I think the Bearikade is a bit lighter and larger…and more expensive.
Of the two most commonly debated canisters:
The Garcia is requires a tool to open it. It is ~2#11 and ~650ci. It costs about 79 dollars at the local store.
The Bear Vault Solo is ~400ci and requires a tool to open it. It is 2#2. It costs about 59 dollars at the local store. BTW, they quit selling them in Lake Placid.
The Bearikade Weekender is ~650ci and requires a tool to open it. it weighs about 1#15 and sells for 225 dollars + shipping.
I find that for 5 days the BV is large enough. I use high density foods, though, at about 1.5# per day. Carrying the first days food out of it leaves a bit more room, too. And it packs, just, into my GG Miniposa. So for 19# pack weight, I am good to go (including 40oz water, food and fuel.) I head up there once or twice per year and have been for the past 15-20 years. I can get 7 days of food in it if I pack it real carefull.
If you need more food, the Garcia is a better option. Then, you will need a larger pack, say the Mariposa+. So your pack weight will be about 14#. I'm not sure if you are including food, soo assuming another 10# for food, it could be as much as 25#. This is more than I care to carry up there, but, I am old and feeble. I start stripping stuff down to stick below 20#. The trails are generally too poor up there to handle any weight. It gets REALLY crowded on weekends. I wait till school starts or before school ends, mostly. Other times, I just hike 10-15miles deep, as fast as possible.
Edit: My numbers were off a bit….sorry.