I live in Hawaii, so to go camping anywhere, even a neighboring island, requires fuel transportation. I've had luck having my parents on the Mainland shipping esbit tablets via the Post Office for General Delivery in areas that I can't find a fuel source.
It's a bit tricky to sort through the requirements (and the post office personnel frequently don't know the rules themselves). But flammable materials of certain hazard classes can be shipped via ground in "consumer quantities" so long as they are appropriately labeled "ORM-D." This is only for domestic shipping, I still haven't solved the international fuel issue.
http://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_012.htm
http://pe.usps.com/text/pub52/pub52c3_010.htm#ep898504
Also, technically you are not permitted to fly with chlorine dioxide tablets (for water purification) as they are hazardous material (intended for humans to drink?). I fly with them all the time and have never been stopped. Of course my UV Steri-pen has been confiscated for being a "weapon" because, in the end, the TSA officer can enforce "his/her best judgement" on the danger of any item.
If anyone has any other ideas for a backpacker stuck on a rock in the middle of the Pacific, I'd love to hear them!
Miriam