From what I can gather, here’s how it breaks down:
Perflouroctanoic acid (PFOA) is a fluorinated 8-carbon fatty-acid analog that seems to be fairly nasty. It accumulates in tissues and has been shown to be carcinogenic in rats, and so has recently been promoted to “suspected carcinogen in humans” by the FDA. It is used in the manufacture of PTFE, but is completely removed from the final product. Where it becomes a problem is in: 1. Exposure of workers at plants where PFOA is used, and 2. Contamination of ground water, etc. near such plants, and 3. Its persistence in the environment. Hence the EPA involvement.
Polytetraflouroethane (PTFE) aka Teflon/gore-tex/eVENT is pretty inert (the property that makes it so useful). It is used all over the medical and pharmaceutical industries for this reason as well. If PFOA contamination from PTFE under normal (low-temp, mild pH, aqueous solutions) conditions were an issue, it seems that it wouldn’t be so popular for processing high-purity injectables.
Now, it seems that under some conditions (primarily high temperatures) PTFE and similar flouropolymers can break down into PFOA and similiar compounds (a la the woman who left an empty teflon pot on the stove and killed all her birds). Apparently flouropolymers in microwave popcorn bags undergo such a reaction, driving PFOA into the popcorn and accounting for 30% of the PFOA levels found in adults. The other 70% of PFOA in adults is then presumably from environmental sources, unless there are other ways to get PFOA from PTFE besides heat.
This is where the story gets fuzzy. A more verbose explanation of the reaction mechanisms would be helpful here. Are there any mechanisms besides pyrolysis? Any chemists familiar with this, or up for a literature search?
So, based on a preliminary understanding, to avoid PFOA exposure:
-Don’t eat microwave popcorn (bummer)
-Don’t leave teflon pans unattended
-Don’t throw your $200 rainjacket in the campfire.