Obviously there are different points of view, sometimes conflicting, as to the cause, and best treatment. Well, not the BEST treatment, because that it to rest and let it heal.
Like any tendonitis, its microtears due to excessive stress, or overuse, ie repetitive motion injury. The general treatment protocol is to stretch several times per day, and allow several weeks to heal. Also take anti-inflamatory, and icing may be helpful as well. Warm up before hand may also mitigate issues.
But how you keep it from re-occurring, depends on why it occured in the first place.
In my case, my feet began going flat when I was about 18, and I started having PF pain in shoes without arch support. Orthopedic Dr. said it was likely hereditary factors. Heavy weight lifting made it worse over the next several yrs until I couldnt walk when I got out of bed in morning. My feet were FLAT.
A specialist that made custom orthotics for athletes to, fitted them to me to re-shape my foot and put arch back in it. At first, it was like having golf balls under my foot, couldnt wear them more than 30 min due to soreness. After 6 mo I couldnt even feel them, and my foot had arch again, could see it on wet footprints.
I was supposed to get another pair after a year to continue the process, but did not.
I have worn them in every pair of shoes, every day for 20+ years. I have not had a single PF pain since the first day I started wearing them, and I continued to lift weights(and Im talking about lifting 600+ lbs, and I have a light bone structure)
You can argue that someone idealized arch for a foot is wrong, and youd be correct. BUT, it is infinitely better than NO arch. Without proper arch, your ankle rolls, knee, hip, and back, are thrown out of alignment and the body has to shift these things to compensate.This leads to PAIN and PROBLEMS. By correcting the foot arch, you can correct many issues, even hammer-toes.
So why did my PF pain go away, well obviously excessive tension was removed from the fascia, never to return.
So, in a nutshell, anyone that poo-poos orthotics has no idea what they are talking about IMO, including many Drs. The older you get, the more you will realize just how worthless many Drs. are. The first orthopedic Dr. I saw prescribed prescription ibuprofen and rest/icing/roller stretching. This was typical, but it did not get to the root of problem at all. Hell, many people get relief wearing athletic shoes compared to dress shoes for the same reason. Hello…hint hint.
Would going barefoot and strengthening food muscles do the same thing over years, Maybe. But most people want immediate relief. As someone that has been doing calf raises on my toes with 400-600 lbs for the last 25 yrs, I think many of my foot muscles are OK strength wise, and always have been.
Many people knee pain actually starts with their …foot arch.