Gloves are difficult.
Put your hand out in front of you, flat, with your fingers closed. See all that room between the fingers for the glove fabric/insulation? No? Me neither.
My conclusion is that gloves can sometimes be counterproductive, by blocking blood flow through the fingers. So I never wear heavy gloves; I use heavy mitts instead for real insulation.
In the snow I carry three different pairs of gloves, and mix them appropriately.
The first is a light fleece baselayer (as it were). I emphasize, they are light. They do provide some insulation and some mechanical buffering or spacing. They wear out after a season or two, so they get replaced regularly.
Then there is a Goretex overmitt. This is used to keep the snow off my insulation layer(s) so it does not melt there. If the weather is really mild I might just have these on in the snow, especially when pitching a tent. For some strange reason, dry hands are much warmer than wet hands. Funny about that.
Finally, and not taken on every trip, there's a heavy fleece mitt – 300 weight or higher. When it is really bad these go under the overmitts but over the base layer. They are bulky, and make holding ski stocks harder, but there are times …
I would have trouble with my tent when wearing all 3 layers, but I can pitch and strike my tent with the Goretex plus base layer. Been there, done that, know it is possible. In fact, Sue gets just a shade sort-of snarky if I try to strike the tent without wearing gloves sometimes. She reckons it takes too long!
In non-snow but alpine conditions (shoulder season) I might carry some UL overmitts made from PU-coated 70 denier nylon and some really light base-layer gloves. The theory is that the PU fabric will breathe slightly, but I can't say that always works. But they do keep freezing rain and wind off. That combo is really light. I am happy if they never get used.
Cheers